Moral injury in post-9/11 combat-experienced military veterans: A qualitative thematic analysis

The Event-Related Rumination Inventory (ERRI; Cann et al., 2011) measures two styles of rumination: intrusive thoughts and deliberate rumination in relation to posttraumatic growth (PTG). The original set of event-related rumination items was developed for a study of religious beliefs, cognitive processing, and growth (Calhoun et al., 2000). The items were created or reworded to reflect either intrusive (e.g., “I thought about the event when I did not mean to”) or deliberate (e.g., “I thought about whether I could find meaning from my experience”) forms of repetitive thinking about a highly stressful event. Ten items were chosen for each of the two rumination styles.

Participants rated the degree to which the thoughts occurred during a specified time frame on a 4-point scale. In the initial samples used to assess the factor structure of the ERRI, the time frame specified was the ‘‘weeks immediately after the event.’’ Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis supported the two-factor model. In a college student sample, the internal consistencies were strong (intrusive = .94, deliberate = .88). (APA PsycTests Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)

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